Which vaccines should be administered to a patient who has undergone a splenectomy?

Patients who have undergone a splenectomy are at a significantly increased risk for infections, particularly from encapsulated organisms due to the loss of splenic function. The spleen plays a critical role in filtering blood and mounting immune responses against certain bacteria. Therefore, it is crucial for these patients to receive specific vaccinations to reduce their risk of severe infections.

The pneumococcal vaccine protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The meningococcal vaccine protects against Neisseria meningitidis, which can cause life-threatening meningitis, and the Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine guards against infections that can lead to pneumonia and other serious conditions. Administering these vaccines can significantly decrease the risk of severe infections in splenectomized patients.

In contrast, other options listed do not provide comprehensive protection against the infections that are particularly relevant to someone without a spleen. While the influenza vaccine is essential for general public health, it does not address the specific vulnerabilities of splenectomized individuals. Similarly, while COVID-19 and hepatitis B vaccines are important, they do not target the most pressing dangers associated with the loss of splenic function. Lastly, while the measles