Which treatment option is NOT part of the subsequent management for achalasia?

The treatment of achalasia focuses on alleviating the dysfunction of the esophagus and improving swallowing. Surgical myotomy or pneumatic dilation is a direct approach that addresses the underlying mechanical obstruction caused by the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. Both options are considered definitive treatments that can significantly improve symptoms.

Botulinum toxin injection is a less invasive option and can be used for patients who are not candidates for surgery or who have milder symptoms. It works by paralyzing the muscles that obstruct the esophagus temporarily, allowing for improved peristalsis and sphincter relaxation.

Calcium channel blockers can also play a role in the pharmacological management of achalasia. They act by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter, thereby aiding in reducing symptoms of dysphagia in some cases, even though they are not as effective as the surgical options.

In contrast, oral opioid therapy does not address the underlying mechanism of achalasia. It is typically used for pain management and can lead to more complications without treating the swallowing difficulty. Thus, it is not a standard or effective treatment option for achalasia, making it the correct choice as not being part of the subsequent management for this condition.