Which procedure involves the sectioning and removal of the lower half of the stomach?

The procedure that involves the sectioning and removal of the lower half of the stomach is the Billroth II procedure. This surgical technique is employed primarily for the treatment of peptic ulcers and involves resection of the distal stomach (the lower half) and anastomosis of the remaining stomach to the small intestine, typically the jejunum.

In the context of gastrectomy, Billroth I and Billroth II procedures differ in their reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The Billroth I procedure, for instance, involves anastomosis of the remaining stomach directly to the duodenum, rather than to the jejunum. Roux-en-Y is a gastric bypass surgery that creates a small stomach pouch and connects it to the jejunum, while fundoplication is a technique used primarily to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) through manipulation of the fundus of the stomach without removing a significant section.

Understanding the distinctions between these procedures is key when considering surgical options in gastroenterology.