Which anemias are considered indications for splenectomy?

Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, can be indicated in specific types of anemia where the spleen plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of the condition. Sickle cell anemia, medullary fibrosis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are conditions where splenectomy can be beneficial.

In sickle cell anemia, the spleen often becomes dysfunctional due to repeated vaso-occlusive crises and splenic sequestration of sickled cells. This can lead to an increased risk of infections and other complications. Removing the spleen can improve the patient's immunity and reduce some complications associated with the disease.

In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the spleen is responsible for the destruction of antibody-coated red blood cells. Splenectomy may help increase red blood cell survival and alleviate the anemia by removing the organ involved in the immune-mediated destruction of these cells.

In conditions like medullary fibrosis, where marrow function is compromised and the spleen may become involved in extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenectomy can help relieve symptoms and improve blood counts.

On the other hand, iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and anemia of chronic disease primarily stem from deficiencies or chronic illnesses affecting red blood cell production