What is the role of biopsy in cases of GERD?

In cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the primary role of biopsy is to assess mucosal changes in the esophagus. GERD can lead to various changes in the esophageal lining, such as inflammation (esophagitis) or precancerous changes like Barrett's esophagus. By performing a biopsy during an endoscopy, physicians can collect tissue samples from the esophageal mucosa. These samples can then be examined histologically to determine whether there are any changes indicative of chronic acid exposure or dysplasia, which is important for monitoring the progression of disease and the risk of developing esophageal cancer.

While a biopsy could incidentally reveal information pertinent to conditions like esophageal cancer, the main focus in the context of GERD is to study the mucosal alterations. This is vital for guiding management decisions and surveillance strategies for patients with continuous or severe GERD symptoms.