What is the etiology of testicular torsion?

The etiology of testicular torsion primarily involves excessive mobility of the testis, which is commonly due to a congenital condition known as the "bell clapper deformity." In this anatomical variation, the testis is poorly attached to the scrotum, leading to increased torsional movement. As a result, the spermatic cord can twist around itself, compromising blood flow to the testis and leading to acute pain, swelling, and potentially loss of the testis if not promptly addressed.

Other options, while they can lead to scrotal pain or discomfort, do not directly contribute to the mechanism of testicular torsion. For instance, infection of the epididymis may cause scrotal pain, but it is not a cause for torsion. Similarly, trauma to the testis can lead to injury or hematoma but does not inherently cause the torsional motion associated with torsion. Hydrocele formation is related to fluid accumulation around the testis and does not affect the position of the testis in a way that would predispose to torsion. Therefore, the excessive mobility of the testis stands out as the primary risk factor for the occurrence of testicular torsion.