What is a known effect of hypercortisolism on skeletal muscle?

Hypercortisolism, often related to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, is characterized by excessive levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone. One of the significant effects of elevated cortisol on skeletal muscle is muscle atrophy.

Cortisol influences protein metabolism, leading to increased protein breakdown and decreased protein synthesis. This catabolic effect on muscle tissue results in reduced muscle mass and strength over time. The excess cortisol can also impair the muscle's ability to regenerate and repair, further contributing to the process of atrophy.

In contrast, increased hypertrophy and improved strength would typically be associated with anabolic states or resistance training, which are not promoted under conditions of chronic elevated cortisol. The notion of "no effect" is not applicable, as there are well-documented negative effects of hypercortisolism on skeletal muscle. Thus, muscle atrophy aligns with the physiological consequences of hypercortisolism.