What condition is Heller myotomy primarily used to treat?

Heller myotomy is primarily used to treat achalasia, a condition characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax properly, leading to dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation, and chest pain. In achalasia, the motility of the esophagus is impaired, which causes food to accumulate, resulting in significant discomfort and difficulty in swallowing solid and liquid foods.

The surgical procedure involves cutting the muscle fibers of the LES to relieve the obstruction, allowing food to pass more easily into the stomach. This targeted approach effectively addresses the specific dysfunction seen in achalasia, making it a suitable treatment option. While Heller myotomy can improve symptoms of dysphagia, it is the treatment of the underlying problem of achalasia that makes it the correct answer. The other conditions listed do not primarily respond to Heller myotomy in the same way achalasia does, as they involve different pathophysiological processes that require alternative management strategies.