For long-term management of panic disorder, which medication class is typically used?

For long-term management of panic disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the preferred class of medication. SSRIs, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram, are effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of panic attacks as well as alleviating anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain, which is often implicated in mood regulation and anxiety.

The advantage of using SSRIs over other classes of medications is their favorable side effect profile and lower potential for dependence compared to benzodiazepines, which are more suited for short-term management due to their sedating effects and risk of habit formation. Antipsychotics are typically not first-line treatments for panic disorder, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are also not commonly used as first-line options due to dietary restrictions and side effect profiles. Thus, SSRIs are the most commonly recommended and effective choice for sustained treatment in individuals with panic disorder.